Henrico County Public Schools

US History I
"Credit"
BY: Judith Viorst
You asked me to do it.
I promised to do it.
I planned to do it.
I started to do it.
I really meant to do it.
Except I forgot.
Couldn't I get some credit?
For promising,
Planning,
Starting,
And really meaning to do it?
Guess not. |
Home
|
U.S.
History: Beginnings to 1865
Grade 6 SOL
Vocabulary |
1.
Continents: large land masses
surrounded by water (there are 7 on Earth-- can you name them?)
2. Indentured Servants:
people who didn't have money for the trip to the colonies-- they
agreed to work without pay for the person that paid their way; they
were free at the end of their contract
3. Slaves:
Africans who were captured and then shipped to the colonies to be
sold into slavery; they had no rights and were owned as property
for life |
4. Articles of
Confederation: a constitution written during the American
Revolution to establish the powers of the new national government
Federal System of Government: a system that divides powers between
national government and the government of the states
5. Abolitionists:
people who worked to end slavery |
6. Suffrage: the
right to vote
7. Virginia Plan:
a document written by James Madison, which called for 3 separate
branches of government-- Legislative Branch, Judicial Branch, and
Executive Branch |
USI. 2a [Return
to Top]
The 5 Oceans |
7 Continents:
1. North America - Brown
2. South America - Green
3. Africa - Pink
4. Europe - Orange
5. Asia - Blue
6 Antarctica - Purple
|
 |
USI. 2b [Return
to Top]
 |
Geographic
Regions have different characteristics. Here are the Regions of
North America:
Coastal
Plain, Appalachian Highlands, Interior Lowlands, Canadian Shield,
Great Plains, Rocky Mountains, Basin and Range, Coastal Range. |
8 U.S. Regions |
Region |
Location |
Physical
Characteristics |
Coastal
Plain |
Located
along the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico |
Broad
lowland with many excellent harbors |
Appalachian
Highlands |
Located
west of the Coastal Plain; extends from eastern Canada to western
Alabama; includes the Piedmont Region of Virginia |
Old,
eroded mountains--
the oldest mountain range in North America
|
Canadian
Shield |
Wraps
around the Hudson Bay in a horseshoe shape |
Its
hills are worn by erosion and hundreds of its lakes are carved
by glaciers.
|
Interior
Lowlands |
Located
west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Great Plains |
Rolling
flatlands
with many rivers, broad river valleys,
and grassy hills
|
Great
Plains |
|
Flat
land that gradually increases in elevation as you go west; it
contains grasslands |
Rocky
Mountains |
Located
west of the Great plains and east of the Basin and Range |
Rugged
mountains stretching from Alaska almost to Mexico with
high elevations; also contains the Continental
Divide, which determines the flow of rivers |
Basin
and Range |
|
Contains
some tall mountains but also Death
Valley, which is the lowest point in North America |
Coastal
Range |
Rugged
mountains along the Pacific Coast that stretch from California
to Canada |
Contains
fertile valleys |
USI. 2c [Return
to Top]
Bodies of Water |
Major
Bodies of Water: |
Trade, Transportation,
Settlement:
|
Oceans:
Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean
Rivers:
Mississippi River, Missouri River, Ohio River, Columbia River,
Colorado River, Rio Grande, St. Lawrence
Gulf:
The Gulf of Mexico
Lakes:
The Great Lakes--
Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Eerie, Lake Ontario

|
The location
of the United States (with the Atlantic and Pacific coasts)
has given access to the rest of the world
The Atlantic
Ocean served as the highway for explorers, early settlers,
and later immigrants
The Ohio
River was the gateway to the west
Cities
began to develop in the Midwest along the Great Lakes
St. Lawrence River forms part of the northeastern border with Canada and connects the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.
The Mississippi
and Missouri Rivers were the transportation routes for farm
and industrial products. They were also links to the rest of
the world.
The Columbia
River was explored by Lewis
and Clark
The Colorado
River was explored by the Spanish
The Rio
Grande forms the border with Mexico
The Pacific
Ocean was an early exploration route
The Gulf
of Mexico allowed the French and Spanish to explore Mexico
and other parts of America
|
USI. 2d [Return
to Top]
Key Geographic Features |
Water Related |
1. Lakes
2. Rivers
3. Tributaries
4. Gulfs and Bays
|
Land Related |
1. Mountains
2. Hills
3. Plains
4. Plateaus
5. Islands
6. Peninsulas
|
Geographic features are related to:
- Patterns of trade
- Locations of cities and towns
- Westward (frontier) movement
- Agriculture and fishing industries |
USI. 3a and b [Return
to Top]
 |
*The
American Indians were the first people to live in North America.
*These First Americans lived in different areas.
*They fished, hunted, and harvested crops for food.
*Clothing was made from animal skins and plants.
*Shelter was made from resources found in their environment, such
as sod, stones, animal skins, and wood. |
The First
Americans |
Tribe |
Area Where They Lived |
Characteristics of the Area |
Shelter |
Food and Natural Resources |
Transportation |
|
Alaska
and Northern Canada (Arctic Region) |
Arctic
area where the temperature is below freezing most of the year |
-snow
or stone houses in winter (igloos)
-tents made of animal skins in summer |
-seals
-fish
-whales
-caribou |
|
|
Pacific
Northwest Coast (Northwest Coast Region) |
rainy,
mild climate |
longhouses
made of wood |
-fish
-deer
-berries
-roots
-wood |
-canoes
-foot |
Lakota |
The
Great Plains, which is the interior of the United States (Great
Plains Region) |
dry
grassland |
tepees
made of animal skins |
-buffalo
-corn
-beans |
-horseback
-foot
-canoes |
|
Southwest
United States in present-day New Mexico and Arizona (Southwest
Region) |
desert
areas and areas that border cliffs and mountains |
adobes
made of dried mud or clay |
-corn
-beans
-squash
-clay |
-foot
-horseback |
|
Northeast
North America in the Eastern Woodland (Eastern Woodlands Region) |
many
forests |
longhouses
made of wood |
-corn
-beans
-deer
-wood |
-foot
-canoes |
Members of these tribes live in their homelands and in many areas of North America today.
USI. 4a and b [Return
to Top]
Early European
Explorers |
There
were several reasons why they wanted to explore the New World:
1) Economic Reasons:
they wanted to find gold, natural resources, and to trade
2) Religious Reasons:
they wanted to spread Christianity
3) Competition:
they wanted to own more land than anyone else and believed their
culture was best
But,
there were problems...
1) they had poor maps and navigational
tools
2) there was little food and many became sick or died from starvation
or disease
3) they were afraid
of what was over in the New World, since no one had been
before
4) they did not have appropriate supplies
Some
explorers achieved great things from exploring
the New World:
1) they exchanged
goods and ideas
2) they were able to improve
navigational tools and ships
3) they claimed
new territories |
European
Country (Sponsor) |
Regions
Explored |
Relationship
with the American Indians |
Spain
|
|
Conquered
American Indians and made them slaves;
brought Christianity to the New World, but also brought over European
Diseases |
France


|
|
Established
trading posts and spread Christian
religion |
England
|
|
Established
settlements and claimed
land; learned farming techniques
and traded with the First Americans |
Sometimes
there was cooperation between the Explorers and the Native Americans:
1) Technologies--
they shared knowledge about transporting weapons and farm tools
2) They traded
with one another
3) Native Americans taught the Explorers a great deal about
crops
But
at other times, there was conflict:
1) Who owned
the land?
2) They competed for trade
3) There were many differences between European and Native American
cultures
4) Disease
was brought over by the Explorers
5) They spoke different languages,
so communication was very difficult |
USI. 4c [Return
to Top]
Mali, Ghana, Songhai |
These
ancient empires became powerful by controlling trade in West Africa.
Each empire dominated West Africa at certain times from 300 to
1600 A.D.
The Portuguese people carried goods from Europe to West African
empires.
They traded metals, cloth, and other manufactured goods for GOLD.
GHANA
was
the first great African empire of the western Sudan.
Ghana became known for its rich culture, wealth, organization,
and power. Ghana became very rich because of the "salt-gold
trade" between West and North Africa. This trade was very
important, and Ghana came to control not only gold and salt, but
also the trade routes that went through their land. Since gold
and salt were both so valuable, the mines were kept secret! Most
of the trading was done in a way called "silent barter."
This meant that traders swapped gold, salt, and other objects
without ever meeting in person! The king of Ghana collected taxes
from all of the traders that traveled through Ghana. He also kept
the gold nuggets for himself during trade (traders used the gold
dust). Ghana became very rich and powerful and thrived until the
mid 1200's. It started losing power when Muslim raiders began
attacking the empire, since they wanted control of the salt-gold
trade. The Muslims also wanted the people of Ghana to convert
to their religion of Islam. Ghana fought the Muslims for more
than 30 years, but the empire began to break apart into smaller
provinces. A new and more powerful empire rose in Ghana's place.
It was called MALI!
The
empire of MALI
was founded in the mid 1200's and lasted through the late 1400's.
A man named Sundiata earned the title "Lion King of Mali."
In his lifetime, he turned Mali into a rich empire because of
the salt/gold trade. Another king of Mali was named Mansa Musa.
Under his rule, the capital city of Timbuktu became a center of
learning for scholars throughout Africa. Mansa Musa went on a
pilgrimage, or a long trip, to a place called Mecca. This trip
is one of the most famous and well documented ones in history.
Mali continued to grow in size, but it became difficult to control.
After Mansa Musa's death, his son, Maghan, took control of the
Mali empire. Warriors later attacked Timbuktu and buildings were
destroyed. Mali continued to be an empire for another 200 years,
but its Golden Age was over. A new empire replaced Mali as the
most powerful trading empire in West Africa. It was called SONGHAI!
SONGHAI
became powerful as a man named Ali-Ber ruled the empire.
He helped expand the empire by conquering Timbuktu and then spreading
in all directions to capture the remaining parts of the former
Mali empire. Each conquered area was divided into 5 large provinces,
which each had its own governor, courts, and army to make sure
people paid taxes. Songhai became the most well-organized empire
in ancient West Africa. Songhai grew rich like Ghana and Mali
by controlling trade routes across the Sahara Desert. But the
Songhai empire did not last long. Moroccan soldiers attacked the
empire with guns while the people of Songhai fought with swords.
The great Songhai empire was brought to an end by this fighting,
drought, and disease. The Songhai empire was then divided into
small states and trade routes were still used, even though the
empire was no longer in power. Warfare continued in this region
for many years and the area became very weak because of the fighting.
No other nation in West Africa was able to achieve the greatness
of the empires of Ghana, Mali, or Songhai! |
USI. 5a-c [Return
to Top]
Colonial America |
|
Colony |
Why
It Was Established |
|
It was an economic venture--
the 1st permanent English settlement
in North America was Jamestown Settlement and it was an economic
venture by the Virginia Company |
|
It was settled
by separatists (Pilgrims) from the Church of England who
wanted to belong to other churches |
|
This colony was settled
by the Puritans because they wanted to worship as they
pleased |
|
This was settled by the
Quakers, who wanted to have freedom to practice their faith
without interference |
|
This colony was settled
by people who had been in prisons in England (Debtors).
The settlers hoped to experience a new life in the colony and
to experience economic freedom in the new world. |
Take a 13 Colonies Quiz here!
Life In The Colonies |
Region |
Geography |
Climate |
Economy |
Social
Life |
Political
& Civil Life |
New
England |
~Appalachian
Mts., Boston Harbor, hilly terrain, rocky soil, jagged coastline |
~moderate
summers, cold winters |
~fishing,
shipbuilding industry & naval supplies, trade &
port cities
~skilled
craftsman, shopkeepers |
~viewed
the village and church as center of life |
~had
town meetings |
Mid-Atlantic |
~Appalachian
Mts., coastal lowlands (harbors & bays, wide & deep rivers),
rich farmlands |
~moderate
climate |
~livestock
and grain, trading
~many
people were unskilled & skilled workers or fisherman |
~villages
and cities
~people
had a variety of different lifestyles
~many
different religions |
~had
market towns |
South |
~Appalachian
Mts., Piedmont, Atlantic Coastal Plain, good harbors, rivers |
~humid
climate |
~large
farms/plantations, cash crops, wood products, small farms
~slavery |
~had
plantations, mansions, indentured servants, few cities and few
schools
~Church
of England was most popular |
~had
counties |
Different People
and Perspectives |
Large
Landowners:
* lived mostly in the South
* relied on indentured servants and/or slaves for labor
*were educated in some cases
*had rich social culture |
Farmers:
*worked the land according to the region
*relied on family members for labor
|
Artisans:
*worked as craftsmen
in towns and on the plantation
*lived in small villages and cities
|
Women:
*worked as caretakers, house workers,
homemakers
*could not vote
*had few chances for education |
Indentured
Servants:
*consisted of men and women who didn't have enough
money for passage to the colonies and who agreed to work without
pay for the person who paid for their passage
*were free at the end of their contract |
Slaves:
*were captured in their native Africa and sold to
slave traders, then were shipped to the colonies when they were
sold into slavery
*were owned as property for life with no
rights
*were often born into slavery (children of slaves were born into
slavery) |
USI. 5d [Return to Top]
England's
Control Over the Colonies |
Economic
Control:
*England tried to strictly
control trade
*England taxed the colonies after the French and Indian War
*Colonies traded raw materials for goods
|
Political
Control:
*Colonists had to obey
English laws that were made by governors
*Colonial governors were appointed by the king or by the proprietor
*Colonial legislatures made laws for each colony and were monitored
by colonial governors |
WHY
did England want so much control over the colonies?
Their reasons were...
1) England wanted to remain powerful in the world
2) England imposed taxes, such as the Stamp Act, to raise necessary
money to pay the cost of the French and Indian War
WHY
did England impose so many taxes? They
said it was because...
1) To help finance the French and Indian War
2) To help pay to keep English troops in the colonies
WHY
were the colonists upset with England wanting so much control??
1) they had no representation in Parliament
2) some colonists did not like colonial governors having so much power
3) England wanted to have strict control over colonial legislatures
4) the colonies were against taxes
5) The Proclamation of 1763 got in the way of settlers' western movement
USI. 6b [Return to Top]
Signing the Declaration of Independence |
Colonists
had many new political ideas. They wanted to be free from England's
power (independence) and wanted a democratic government in the
American colonies. |
Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence,
a document which demanded independence from England.
Some key points stated
in the Declaration of Independence were:
1) people have "certain unalienable rights" (they
can't be taken away) including life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
2) people establish their own government to protect these rights
3) government gets its power from the people
4) people have a right and a duty to change a government that violates
these rights
USI. 6c [Return
to Top]
USI. 6c cont. [Return
to Top]
The
Continental Army:
No one probably predicted that the colonists would defeat the English
during the Revolutionary War.
General George Washington was commander and leader of the troops. The
14,000 soldiers wore no uniforms-- only their ordinary clothes. Not
everyone had guns, but if they did, they were flintlock muskets, which
could not shoot very far. Those without guns used spears and axes as
weapons. Some of the soldiers had fought in the French and Indian War.
The only way they knew how to fight was like the Native Americans--
in irregular lines and while hiding. The English army did not fight
this way. The colonists had little training and had not even fought
together as an army before, yet they went to war against the most powerful
army in the world! Later, an officer even said, It is incredible
that soldiers composed of men of every age, even children of fifteen,
of whites and blacks, almost naked, unpaid, and rather poorly fed, can
march so well and withstand fire so steadfastly.
USI. 6d [Return
to Top]
HOW
did the Continental Army win the Revolutionary War?
Well, they had a few advantages, including:
1) The Colonists worked hard to defend
their own land, principles, and beliefs
2) The Colonists had support from France and Spain
3) The Colonists had strong leadership
USI. 7a [Return
to Top]
Articles of
Confederation |
Once
the Revolutionary War was over, America established a new national
government.
The Articles of Confederation was a constitution written during
the American Revolution to establish the new nation's powers.
There were, however, some Weaknesses
of the Articles of Confederation:
1) They provided for a weak national
government
2) They gave Congress no power to tax or regulate commerce among
the states
3) The Articles of Confederation did not provide a national currency
(money)
4) They gave each state only 1 vote in Congress no matter how
big the state was
5) They did not provide for an Executive or Judicial Branch of
Government
So
now the people had a government that was too weak to work well.
The confederation had 13 separate and independent states instead
of one united nation. The British even called the nation the "Disunited
States." |
USI. 7b [Return
to Top]
Representatives
from 5 states got together and decided that the country needed a stronger
national government. This meant that the Articles of Confederation had
to be changed. They worked hard to develop a new set of rules-- the
Constitution of the United States of America. The Constitution established
a federal system of government that made the state and national governments
share the power. This is how the government was separated in order to
divide the power equally:

3 Branches
of Government |
Branch
of Government |
Powers |
Legislative
Branch (Congress) |
~makes
the laws
~it is a 2-house legislature consisting of the House of
Representatives and the Senate
~allows all states to be represented equally (there are 2 senators
for every state and the number of state's representatives is based
on the state's population) |
Judicial
Branch (Supreme Court) |
~determines
if laws made by Congress are constitutional |
Executive
Branch (President) |
~carries
out the laws |
These
branches created Checks and Balances,
meaning that each branch can check the power of the other. These checks
keep any one branch from gaining too much power.
The
states ratified, or accepted, the Constitution but shortly after, changes
were made. These 10 amendments, or changes, are known as the Bill
of Rights. They provide
a written guarantee of an person's rights, such as the freedom of speech
and the freedom of religion.
James Madison was the author of the Bill
of Rights.
USI. 7c [Return
to Top]
Even
though the national government of the United States of America was beginning
to take shape, it doesn't mean there weren't conflicts. Alexander
Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson had
very different views on the role of the national government. As a result,
2 different political parties were created...
The
Federalists |
The
Democratic Republicans |
a)
favored a strong national government
b) favored limits on the powers of the states
c) favored development of industry on a national scale
d) favored a national bank
*led
by Alexander Hamilton |
a)
favored a weak national government
b) wanted the states to have power
c) favored small businesses and farmers
d) opposed a national bank
*
led by Thomas Jefferson |
USI. 7d [Return
to Top]
The First 5 Presidents |
1)
George Washington |
2)
John Adams |
3)
Thomas Jefferson |
4)
James Madison |
5)
James Monroe |

-
established the Federal Court System
- 2 different political parties were formed (Federalists &
Democratic Republicans)
- The Bill of Rights was added to the U.S. Constitution
- plans began to build the national capital in Washington, D.C.
(Benjamin Bannekar, an African American astronomer and surveyor,
helped design the plans)
|

-
a 2-party system began during his
administration
|

-
he bought Louisiana from France
(the Louisiana Purchase)
-
Lewis and Clark explored this new land west of the Mississippi
River
|

-
The War of 1812 caused European nations to gain respect
for the United States
|

-
he introduced the Monroe Doctrine
warning European nations not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere
|
USI. 8a and b [Return
to Top]
Between 1801
and 1861, the United States grew in size because of exploration
and expansion to new territories.
Territorial Expansion |
Louisiana
Purchase |
Florida |
Texas |
Oregon |
California |
* Jefferson bought land from France, which
doubled the size of the United States
* In the Lewis and Clark expedition, Meriwether
Lewis and William Clark explored from the Mississippi River to
the Pacific Ocean |
* Spain gave Florida to the United States
through a treaty
|
* Texas was added after it became an independent
republic
|
* The Oregon Territory was divided by the
United States and Great Britain
|
* War with Mexico resulted in California
and the southwest territory becoming part of the United States
|
The
Louisiana Purchase
 |
Moving
to the Oregon Territory
 |
Western
movement became very popular for several reasons, mostly for geographic
and economic ones:
1) the population in the eastern states
kept growing and growing, making it crowded in some areas
2) there was plenty of cheap, fertile land out west
3) it was a great economic opportunity (California
Gold Rush, logging, farming, freedom for runaway slaves)
4) transportation was cheaper and faster (they had rivers and
canals-- Erie Canal-- and used steamboats)
5) to gain knowledge about the overland trails (Oregon and
Santa Fe)
6) people believed in "Manifest Destiny"-- the idea that expansion
was for the good of the country and was the right of the country
USI. 8c [Return
to Top]
New Inventions and Technologies |
Invention |
Characteristics
and Impacts |
|
-
it was invented by Eli Whitney
-
it increased the production of cotton, so it increased the need
for slave labor to cultivate and pick the cotton |
|
-
Jo Anderson (a slave) and Cyrus McCormick worked to invent it
-
it increased the productivity of the American farmer |
The
Steamboat
 |
-
it was improved by Robert Fulton
-
it eventually provided faster river transportation that connected
Southern plantations and farms to Northern industries and Western
territories |
The
Steam Locomotive
 |
-
it provided faster land transportation |
USI. 8d [Return
to Top]
The Abolitionist
Movement |
Most abolitionists demanded immediate freeing of the slaves
|
Abolitionists believed that slavery was wrong:
- it was morally wrong
- it was cruelly and inhumane
- it was a violation of the principles of democracy
|
|
The Suffrage Movement |
Supporters declared that "All men and women are created equal" |
Supporters believed that
women were deprived of basic rights:
- the right to vote
- educational opportunities, especially higher education
- equal opportunities in business
- rights to own property |
The movement was led by
strong women who began their campaign before the Civil War and
continued after the war had ended. It included:
- Isabel
Sojourner Truth
- Susan
B. Anthony
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
USI. 9a [Return
to Top]
There were
many differences between the Northern and Southern states that eventually
resulted in the Civil War.
Differences That Divided A
Nation |
SLAVERY |
CULTURAL DIFFERENCES |
ECONOMIC DIFFERENCES |
CONSTITUTIONAL
DIFFERENCES |
*The North
believed that slavery should be abolished for moral reasons
*The South believed that the abolition
of slavery would destroy their nation's economy |
*The North
was mainly an urban society where people had jobs
*The South was mostly an agricultural
society where people lived in small villages and on farms or plantations |
*The North
was a manufacturing region and its people favored tariffs that
protected factory owners and workers from foreign competition
*The South opposed tariffs that would
cause prices of manufactured goods to rise. Planters were also
concerned that England might stop buying cotton from the South
if tariffs were added. |
*The
North believed that the national government's power was
greater than that of the states
*The South believed that they had
the power to declare any national law illegal |
The South feared that the North
would take control of Congress, and Southerners began to proclaim states'
rights as a mean of self-protection. The North believed that the nation
was a union and could not be divided. While the Civil War did not begin
as a war to get rid of slavery, issues surrounding slavery deeply divided
the nation.
Several compromises
were made to try and resolve the differences between the Northern and
Southern states:
USI. 9b [Return
to Top]
|
|
|
Missouri
was a slave state and Maine was a free state |
-
California was a free state
- Southwest territories would decide about slavery |
These
states could enter the union with or without slavery--- the people
decided the slavery issue ("popular
sovereignty") |
USI. 9c [Return
to Top]

After
Abraham
Lincoln was elected the 16th President of the United States, the
South seceded, or withdrew, from the Union. Confederate forces attacked
Fort Sumter in South Carolina, marking the beginning of the Civil War.
Lincoln and many Northerners believed that the Unites States was one
nation that could not be separated or divided. Most Southerners believed
that states had freely created and joined the union, so they could just
as freely leave it
The Break Up |
States
that Seceded from the Union: |
States
Remaining in the Union: |
~
Alabama
~ Arkansas
~ Florida
~ Georgia
~ Louisiana
~ Mississippi
~ North Carolina
~ South Carolina
~ Tennessee
~ Texas
~ Virginia |
Border
States (Slave States): |
Free
States:
|
~
Delaware
~ Kentucky
~ Maryland
~ Missouri |
~
California
~ Connecticut
~ Illinois
~ Indiana
~ Iowa
~ Kansas
~ Maine
~ Massachusetts
~ Michigan
~ Minnesota |
~
New Hampshire
~ New Jersey
~ New York
~ Ohio
~ Oregon
~ Pennsylvania
~ Rhode Island
~ Vermont
~ West Virginia (Western
counties of Virginia that refused to secede from the Union)
~ Wisconsin |
View
a PowerPoint slideshow about the Civil
War. If you don't have Powerpoint on your computer, download the
FREE viewer here!
USI. 9d [Return
to Top]
Civil War Leaders |
~
was President of the United States
~ opposed the spread of slavery
~ issued the Emancipation Proclamation
~ determined to preserve the Union- by force if necessary
~ believed the United States was one nation, not a collection
of independent states
~ wrote the Gettysburg Address that said the Civil War was to
preserve a government "of the people, by the people, and
for the people"
|
~
was leader of the Army of Northern Virginia
(South)
~ was offered command of the Union forces at the beginning of
the war but chose not to fight against Virginia
~ opposed seceding from the Union, but did not believe the union
should be held together by force
~ urged Southerners to accept defeat at the end of the war and
reunite Americans when some wanted to keep fighting |
~
was president of the Confederate States
of America
|
~
was a skilled Confederate general
from Virginia |
~
was general of the Union army (North)
that defeated Lee
|
~
was a former slave who escaped to the North and became an abolitionist |
USI. 9e [Return to Top]
Major Civil War Battles and
Events |
- Fort Sumter
- Bull Run
- Emancipation Proclamation
- Vicksburg
- Gettysburg
- Appomattox
"Fat Boys Eat Very Good Always"
|
USI. 9f [Return
to Top]
Effects of
the Civil War |
Families
and friends were often pitted against one another |
Southern
troops became increasingly younger and more poorly equipped and
clothed |
Much
of the South was devastated at the end of the war (Atlanta and
Richmond were burned) |
Disease
was a major killer |
Clara
Barton, a Civil War nurse, created the American Red Cross |
Combat
was brutal and often man-to-man |
Women
were left to run businesses in the North and farms and plantations
in the South |
The
collapse of the Confederacy made Confederate money worthless |
Effects of
the Civil War on African Americans |
They
fought in both Confederate and Union Armies |
The
Confederacy often used slaves as naval crew members and soldiers |
The
Union moved to enlist African American sailors early in the war |
African
American soldiers were paid less than white soldiers |
African
American soldiers were discriminated against and served in segregated
units under the command of white officers |
Robert
Smalls, a sailor and later a Union naval captain, was highly honored
for his feats of bravery and heroism. He became a Congressman
after the Civil War. |
*Special Thanks: Katie Tardiff, CCC-SLP
|